منابع مشابه
Trapped individual ion at absolute zero temperature.
Laser cooling and ion trapping have progressed to such an extent that one can now speak of realizing a confined atom at absolute zero temperature. In this short publication, we analyze an experiment toward such realization using a single Ba(+) ion in a miniature rf trap. The Ba(+) ion is first laser-cooled to the limit where the ion spends most of its time in the zero-point energy state. Then a...
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In electronic measurements, one observes “signals,” which must be distinctly above the “noise.” Noise induced from outside sources may be reduced by shielding and proper “grounding.” Less noise means greater sensitivity with signal/noise as the figure of merit. However, there exist fundamental sources of noise which no clever circuit can avoid. The intrinsic noise is a result of the thermal jit...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Scientific American
سال: 1908
ISSN: 0036-8733
DOI: 10.1038/scientificamerican10241908-266supp